Linux superblock bad (oracle 10g)
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同事今天遇到个linux方面，文件系统mount不了的问题，说是superblock损坏，要进行修复，
我这里用vm来进行模拟下，以及进行手工修复。
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[root@killdb ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 3.9G 3.3G 384M 90% / /dev/sda1 46M 11M 33M 25% /boot none 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda3 25G 23G 1.4G 95% /home [root@killdb ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sda3 tune2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Filesystem volume name: /home Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: d3d8a85b-a06f-4765-84c7-62c5d1257151 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super large_file Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 3286752 Block count: 6568576 Reserved block count: 328428 Free blocks: 2454102 Free inodes: 3184193 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 1024 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 16352 Inode blocks per group: 511 Filesystem created: Sat Sep 24 11:48:16 2011 Last mount time: Sat Oct 6 00:02:31 2012 Last write time: Sat Oct 6 00:02:31 2012 Mount count: 86 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Sat Sep 24 11:48:16 2011 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Journal inode: 8 First orphan inode: 1439427 Default directory hash: tea Directory Hash Seed: 63cb625d-3db5-45ff-ac6f-fa35dc01e088 Journal backup: inode blocks [root@killdb ~]# [root@killdb ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sda3 dumpe2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Filesystem volume name: /home Last mounted on: <not available> Filesystem UUID: d3d8a85b-a06f-4765-84c7-62c5d1257151 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super large_file Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 3286752 Block count: 6568576 Reserved block count: 328428 Free blocks: 2454102 Free inodes: 3184193 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 1024 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 16352 Inode blocks per group: 511 Filesystem created: Sat Sep 24 11:48:16 2011 Last mount time: Sat Oct 6 00:02:31 2012 Last write time: Sat Oct 6 00:02:31 2012 Mount count: 86 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Sat Sep 24 11:48:16 2011 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 128 Journal inode: 8 First orphan inode: 1439427 Default directory hash: tea Directory Hash Seed: 63cb625d-3db5-45ff-ac6f-fa35dc01e088 Journal backup: inode blocks Group 0: (Blocks 0-32767) Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-2 Block bitmap at 1027 (+1027), Inode bitmap at 1028 (+1028) Inode table at 1029-1539 (+1029) 0 free blocks, 14770 free inodes, 237 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 727, 944-951, 1592-16352 Group 1: (Blocks 32768-65535) Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32770 Block bitmap at 33795 (+1027), Inode bitmap at 33796 (+1028) Inode table at 33797-34307 (+1029) 0 free blocks, 11741 free inodes, 270 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 17277-17287, 17828-17836, 20828-20831, 20946, 20948, 20965, 20991-32704 Group 2: (Blocks 65536-98303) Block bitmap at 65536 (+0), Inode bitmap at 65537 (+1) Inode table at 65538-66048 (+2) 0 free blocks, 14821 free inodes, 226 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 34236-49056 Group 3: (Blocks 98304-131071) Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98306 Block bitmap at 99331 (+1027), Inode bitmap at 99332 (+1028) Inode table at 99333-99843 (+1029) 0 free blocks, 16352 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 49057-65408 Group 4: (Blocks 131072-163839) Block bitmap at 131072 (+0), Inode bitmap at 131073 (+1) Inode table at 131074-131584 (+2) 0 free blocks, 16341 free inodes, 1 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 65416-65417, 65422-81760 Group 5: (Blocks 163840-196607) Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163842 Block bitmap at 164867 (+1027), Inode bitmap at 164868 (+1028) Inode table at 164869-165379 (+1029) 0 free blocks, 11588 free inodes, 289 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 86525-98112 Group 6: (Blocks 196608-229375) Block bitmap at 196608 (+0), Inode bitmap at 196609 (+1) Inode table at 196610-197120 (+2) 3978 free blocks, 16351 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: 210922-212834, 212836-212842, 213344-215401 Free inodes: 98113-98251, 98253-114464 Group 7: (Blocks 229376-262143) Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229378 Block bitmap at 230403 (+1027), Inode bitmap at 230404 (+1028) Inode table at 230405-230915 (+1029) 22495 free blocks, 16352 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: 230916-230917, 230920-230925, 237568-238068, 240137-240192, 240200-242816, 242824-244800, 244808-262143 Free inodes: 114465-130816 。。。。。。 Free inodes: 3239782-3254048 Group 199: (Blocks 6520832-6553599) Block bitmap at 6520832 (+0), Inode bitmap at 6520833 (+1) Inode table at 6520834-6521344 (+2) 0 free blocks, 11925 free inodes, 213 directories Free blocks: Free inodes: 3258210-3258212, 3258215-3258220, 3258222-3258230, 3258494-3270400 Group 200: (Blocks 6553600-6568575) Block bitmap at 6553600 (+0), Inode bitmap at 6553601 (+1) Inode table at 6553602-6554112 (+2) 2 free blocks, 16348 free inodes, 0 directories Free blocks: 6554326-6554327 Free inodes: 3270405-3286752 [root@killdb ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/sda3|grep superblock dumpe2fs 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-2 Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32770 Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98306 Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163842 Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229378 Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294914 Backup superblock at 819200, Group descriptors at 819201-819202 Backup superblock at 884736, Group descriptors at 884737-884738 Backup superblock at 1605632, Group descriptors at 1605633-1605634 Backup superblock at 2654208, Group descriptors at 2654209-2654210 Backup superblock at 4096000, Group descriptors at 4096001-4096002 [root@killdb ~]# |
从上面的信息可以得出如下结论：
1. /dev/sda3 blocksize是4k
2. 第一个主超级块在第2个block上;
3. /dev/sda3文件系统除了一个主超级块之外，还有10个备份的superblock,
下面我们来模拟超级坏块损坏的情况：
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[root@killdb /]# umount /home umount: /home: device is busy umount: /home: device is busy [root@killdb /]# ps -ef|grep pmon ora10g 851 1 0 16:52 ? 00:00:01 ora_pmon_roger root 10194 9421 0 21:43 pts/4 00:00:00 grep pmon [root@killdb /]# su - oracle su: user oracle does not exist [root@killdb /]# su - ora10g [ora10g@killdb ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 1 21:43:54 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [ora10g@killdb ~]$ exit logout [root@killdb /]# umount /home [root@killdb /]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 3.9G 3.3G 384M 90% / /dev/sda1 46M 11M 33M 25% /boot none 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm [root@killdb /]# [root@killdb /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda3 bs=4096 skip=1 count=1 1+0 records in 1+0 records out [root@killdb /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sda3 /home mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda3, or too many mounted file systems [root@killdb /]# |
提示超级坏块损坏，我们利用后面备份的超级坏块来进行修复：
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[root@killdb /]# fsck.ext3 -b 32768 /dev/sda3 e2fsck 1.35 (28-Feb-2004) Clearing orphaned inode 1439497 (uid=501, gid=501, mode=040755, size=0) Illegal inode 1350886196 in orphaned inode list. /home was not cleanly unmounted, check forced. Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information Free blocks count wrong for group #6 (3983, counted=3978). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #7 (22516, counted=22495). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #11 (31807, counted=31806). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #12 (32241, counted=31954). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #13 (32241, counted=31759). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #14 (32248, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #15 (32247, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #16 (32241, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #17 (26822, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #18 (22528, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #19 (20424, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #20 (32119, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #21 (32253, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #22 (22983, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #23 (30372, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #24 (32254, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #25 (31228, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #26 (32255, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #27 (31225, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #28 (32251, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #29 (32244, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #30 (32251, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #31 (19972, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #32 (16403, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #33 (253, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #34 (19706, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #35 (13924, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #36 (23864, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #37 (21452, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #38 (22105, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #40 (11888, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #41 (19443, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #42 (23458, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #43 (13582, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #50 (9, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #52 (7315, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #53 (28773, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #54 (6, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #57 (7776, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #58 (32247, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #59 (32109, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #60 (31922, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #61 (31851, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #62 (24979, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #63 (32249, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #64 (1201, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #66 (18430, counted=12). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #67 (7196, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #68 (24941, counted=1663). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #71 (32241, counted=32175). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #73 (23876, counted=23873). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #83 (23843, counted=23840). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #88 (923, counted=5710). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #89 (26, counted=5688). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #92 (0, counted=21). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #93 (7076, counted=24401). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #94 (4187, counted=4179). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #95 (5511, counted=5495). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #97 (94, counted=85). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #98 (204, counted=173). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #99 (6199, counted=6198). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #104 (18306, counted=18143). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #105 (29955, counted=29904). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #106 (7376, counted=7362). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #109 (9, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #163 (4, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #164 (7333, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #165 (32114, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #166 (32183, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #167 (30440, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #168 (32240, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #169 (27021, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #170 (32233, counted=16). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #171 (32233, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #172 (32241, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #173 (32219, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #174 (32248, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #175 (32228, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #176 (31762, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #177 (31965, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #178 (29609, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #179 (31979, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #180 (31702, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #181 (24876, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #182 (31551, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #183 (32255, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #184 (32243, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #185 (31842, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #186 (32170, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #187 (32252, counted=1). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #188 (32249, counted=0). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #189 (32253, counted=14). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #190 (25549, counted=2960). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong for group #192 (32252, counted=32009). Fix<y>? yes Free blocks count wrong (2454102, counted=671157). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #14 (16352, counted=16351). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #54 (16327, counted=16336). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #59 (16203, counted=16158). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #60 (16026, counted=16017). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #64 (16146, counted=16132). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #66 (16352, counted=16343). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #71 (16352, counted=16351). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #73 (16344, counted=16338). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #88 (12512, counted=12501). Fix<y>? yes Directories count wrong for group #88 (309, counted=312). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #90 (16341, counted=16343). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #109 (14179, counted=14137). Fix<y>? yes Directories count wrong for group #109 (345, counted=346). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #110 (16348, counted=16339). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong for group #170 (16351, counted=15971). Fix<y>? yes Directories count wrong for group #170 (0, counted=7). Fix<y>? yes Free inodes count wrong (3184192, counted=3183676). Fix<y>? yes /home: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** /home: 103076/3286752 files (1.3% non-contiguous), 5897419/6568576 blocks |
修复完成之后，我们来挂载文件系统，是否能够正常mount：
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[root@killdb /]# [root@killdb /]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sda3 /home [root@killdb /]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda2 3.9G 3.3G 384M 90% / /dev/sda1 46M 11M 33M 25% /boot none 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda3 25G 23G 1.4G 95% /home [root@killdb /]# 最后来挂载oracle数据库看看是否正常。 [root@killdb /]# su - ora10g s[ora10g@killdb ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Thu Nov 1 21:57:46 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> !pwd /home/ora10g SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes Fixed Size 1272600 bytes Variable Size 146801896 bytes Database Buffers 16777216 bytes Redo Buffers 2920448 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> select open_mode from V$database; OPEN_MODE ---------- READ WRITE SQL> |
一切正常。
补充：
这里有篇文章关于superblock的结构进行了详细描述：
http://homepage.smc.edu/morgan_david/cs40/analyze-ext2.htm
One Response to “Linux superblock bad (oracle 10g)”
我们总有太多的来不及。 我们总以为 时间 会等我们，容许我们从头再来，弥补缺憾。 岂不知“一日无常到，方知梦中人，万般将不去，唯有业随身。” 灾难永远在我们猝不及防的时候当头砸下，你无从躲避，无能怯惧，心胆俱碎，招架无力。我们唯一能做的，只不过在还来得及
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